Failure to Promptly Report and Document Critical Lab Results and RN Assessments
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to ensure that abnormal and critical laboratory results were promptly reported to providers and followed by an RN supervisor assessment, as required by facility policy. For one resident with end stage renal disease, dependence on hemodialysis, and type II diabetes mellitus, lab work showed a critically high creatinine level of 4.24, reported to the facility in the evening and later reviewed by an RN the following morning. Nursing notes from the date of the lab and the following day did not document that the critical creatinine value was reported to a provider or that an RN supervisor assessed the resident. A provider note from that day did not reference the critical value or any notification, and the provider did not document review of the critical result until two days later. For another resident with heart failure, acute kidney failure, and type II diabetes mellitus, multiple critically high BUN levels were reported over several dates, but there was no documentation that these critical values were promptly communicated to a provider or that an RN supervisor assessment occurred at the time of each result. A critically high BUN of 73 was reported to an RN, but there were no nursing notes for that day and no documentation of provider notification when the result was received or when later reviewed by another RN; the provider did not document review of this lab until two days later. Subsequent critical BUN values of 70, 80, and 75 were each reported to nursing staff and later reviewed by the same RN, yet nursing notes over the corresponding periods did not show timely provider notification or RN supervisor assessment, and provider documentation of these critical values occurred one day later in each instance. Interviews further clarified the actions and inactions contributing to the deficiency. The RN who reviewed many of the critical results stated she was aware of the critical values and believed she had reported them but could not recall to whom, at what time, or whether new orders were obtained, and she was unaware that policy required an RN supervisor assessment to accompany abnormal lab reporting. She also reported that she had been signing off lab results as reviewed in the electronic record to clear them from her homepage, not realizing that only providers should sign off results under the results tab. The Medical Director stated that RNs receiving critical values should immediately notify a provider and document the provider’s name, time of notification, and any new orders, and that only providers should sign off lab work as reviewed. The DON stated that the RNs involved should have ensured immediate provider notification and complete documentation of the notification details for the critical lab results, and acknowledged uncertainty about who should sign off lab work as reviewed and about the specifics of the abnormal lab and physician notification policies.
Penalty
Resources
Below are regulatory guidelines relevant to this citation:
A resident with severe cognitive impairment and multiple medical conditions experienced a change of condition for which a physician ordered a urinalysis. Review of the electronic record showed no urinalysis results for the period reviewed, despite the order and concurrent initiation of antibiotics. The ADON and DON both confirmed they could not locate the lab results in the EHR and acknowledged that staff should have obtained the specimen or documented any inability to do so. The ADM stated her expectation that clinical staff follow physician orders and document unsuccessful attempts, noting that failure to obtain ordered labs can prevent the physician from addressing potential health issues.
Failure to Obtain Ordered UA with C&S: A resident with an indwelling foley catheter and a history of UTI had hematuria noted in the catheter, and the MD ordered a UA with C&S to rule out UTI. Record review and staff interviews showed the specimen was not collected as ordered and the lab was not notified through the lab software, despite the facility’s process requiring the nurse to obtain the specimen and arrange lab pick-up.
Failure to promptly notify the physician of abnormal lab results occurred for a resident with DM, dysphagia, and hypokalemia who was receiving potassium chloride and spironolactone. A CMP showed elevated K+, BUN, creatinine, and reduced eGFR, but nursing documentation did not show physician notification. The resident later developed increased confusion and a critically high K+ level, and the physician was then notified and ordered transfer to the ER.
A resident with complex cardiac and respiratory conditions had diuretics discontinued by cardiology and a BNP test ordered. The resulting BNP level was critically elevated and flagged as "High High." An LPN received the result, sent it to the physician via secure messaging, did not obtain any orders, was unsure if a phone call was successfully made, and did not notify the cardiologist. The physician later stated he did not see the message until the next morning, did not receive a call from the facility, and did not issue orders. Leadership and other nursing staff reported that critical labs are expected to be called directly to the physician, consistent with the facility’s change-in-condition policy, but no separate lab policy was produced.
A resident with a history of stroke and communication/swallowing difficulties experienced a change in respiratory condition, prompting a physician to order blood work and a urinalysis. The UA later showed elevated WBCs and significant gram-negative bacterial growth consistent with a UTI, but there was no documentation that the physician or NP was notified and no orders for UTI treatment were found. The resident was later sent to the hospital for mental status changes and returned with diagnoses including pneumonia and UTI. The DON and physician confirmed the lack of notification, and leadership acknowledged there was no formal policy for notifying practitioners of abnormal UA results, though it was considered standard practice.
A resident with a history of stroke and vascular dementia had a UA obtained and sent to the lab without a Physician/NP order. An RN documented collecting the urine specimen and notifying the lab, and later stated that the DON had requested the UA and that the NP was notified. The resident was catheterized to obtain the urine sample. The DON reported she had only suggested they might want a UA and assumed the RN would obtain an NP order, but no such order was present in the record, resulting in lab services being performed without proper authorization.
Failure to Obtain Ordered Urinalysis and Document Results
Penalty
Summary
Surveyors identified a deficiency in which the facility failed to obtain laboratory services as ordered and to have results available for review for one resident. A male resident with severe cognitive impairment, a history of acute respiratory failure with hypoxia, dysarthria following stroke, and Alzheimer's disease had a physician order for a urinalysis (UA) on 02/25/2026 following a change of condition. Record review from 02/25/2026 through 04/30/2026 showed no UA results in the electronic clinical record. The resident’s medical record also reflected standing orders for periodic blood work, including CBC, CMP, lipid panel, valproic acid level every six months, and Hgb and A1C every three months, but the cited deficiency focused on the missing UA ordered on 02/25/2026. During interviews, the ADON reported she was unable to locate the UA results for the resident and stated that the UA "had to be done" because the physician had ordered antibiotics. She also stated that if staff had been unsuccessful in obtaining a urine sample, this should have been documented. The DON confirmed she could not find the UA results in the EHR and stated that, because the physician ordered the UA, staff should have obtained the lab. The DON noted that staff were aware of the change of condition, contacted the physician, and that antibiotics were ordered and administered while the resident’s vital signs remained within normal limits. The ADM stated her expectation that clinical staff follow physician orders and document if a sample cannot be obtained, and she acknowledged that failure to obtain ordered labs could lead to potential health issues that the physician would not be able to address.
Failure to Obtain Ordered UA with C&S
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure a laboratory service was provided as ordered for one resident with an indwelling urinary/foley catheter and diagnoses including neuromuscular dysfunction of the bladder and urinary tract infection. The resident was observed alert and resting in bed with the catheter in place, and stated the catheter had been placed for safety reasons because he could not stand up to go to the restroom on his own and that he often got urinary tract infections. The resident’s record showed that after hematuria was noted in the foley catheter, the physician was notified and ordered a flush and a UA with C&S to rule out UTI. Record review showed the UA with C&S was ordered, but there was no documented evidence that the specimen was collected as ordered. There was also no documentation that the laboratory was notified of the new physician order. During interviews, an LVN verified the process was not followed and confirmed there was no order placed in the laboratory software for the UA with C&S. The DON stated the licensed nurse should have collected the urine specimen right away, placed it in the specimen refrigerator, and notified the laboratory for pick up, but this was not done.
Failure to Notify Physician of Abnormal Potassium Result
Penalty
Summary
Timely physician notification of clinically significant abnormal laboratory results was not ensured for one resident. Resident 87 was admitted with diagnoses including diabetes, dysphagia, and hypokalemia, and had moderately impaired cognition with a BIMS score of 12. Physician orders included potassium chloride 20 mEq by mouth twice daily and spironolactone 25 mg daily. A CMP obtained revealed abnormal values including elevated BUN, creatinine, reduced eGFR, and a potassium level of 5.2 mmol/L, with the potassium elevation occurring while the resident was receiving potassium-increasing medications. The clinical record did not show that licensed nursing staff notified the physician of the abnormal laboratory results after they were obtained. A nursing progress note later documented that the resident's daughter reported the resident was tired, not herself, and more confused, and the RN supervisor was notified, but there was still no documented evidence that the physician had been informed of the earlier abnormal lab findings or the change in condition. The resident continued to receive potassium supplementation and spironolactone as ordered after the abnormal potassium result was identified. A CRNP later evaluated the resident and ordered repeat laboratory testing. When repeat labs were drawn, the potassium level was critically high at 7.4 mmol/L, and the resident had increased confusion and complaints of crushing pain at the base of the neck. The physician was then notified and ordered immediate transfer to the emergency room. Hospital records showed the resident was admitted with hyperkalemia.
Failure to Timely Notify Physician of Critical BNP Lab Result
Penalty
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to timely notify a physician of a critical laboratory value for one resident. The resident was admitted with multiple diagnoses including acute on chronic systolic congestive heart failure, COPD, chronic respiratory failure with hypoxia, peripheral vascular disease, obesity class 2, difficulty walking, anxiety, major depressive disorder, osteoarthritis, hypo-osmolality, and hyponatremia. On 4/3/26, cardiology discontinued the resident’s Lasix and Bumex and ordered a complete metabolic panel and BNP test, with instructions for an office follow-up in one week. The BNP result, received by the facility’s lab on 4/9/26 at 9:06 AM, was 761, flagged as a “High High” (HH) critical value, with a normal range of 1–100. A progress note documented that late on 4/9/26, an LPN notified the physician via a secure messaging application. In interview, the LPN stated she received the lab value while on break, sent a secure message to the physician after seeing he was active on the application, did not receive any orders in response, and was unsure whether she successfully attempted a phone call; she also did not notify the cardiologist who ordered the test. The physician reported he received the critical lab notification via secure messaging at 11:24 PM on 4/9/26 but did not see the lab until the next morning and did not respond with any orders, and he stated he did not receive a call from the facility about the critical lab. The regional clinical nurse and DON both stated that critical labs should always be called to the physician, and other LPNs described their usual practice as immediately calling, faxing, and/or using secure messaging for critical labs. The facility’s “Change in Condition” policy required notifying the attending or on-call physician when there is a need to significantly alter medical treatment or a significant change in condition; a specific lab policy was requested but not provided.
Failure to Notify Practitioner of Abnormal Urinalysis Result
Penalty
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to notify the ordering practitioner of an abnormal urinalysis result for one resident. The resident was admitted with a history of stroke, resulting in weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, and had difficulty swallowing and speaking. An Interact change-of-condition form documented a change in the resident’s respiratory condition, and the physician ordered blood work and a urinalysis. The urinalysis report later showed elevated white blood cells and more than 100,000 CFU/ml of gram-negative bacteria, indicating a positive result for a urinary tract infection. However, there was no documentation that the physician or nurse practitioner was notified of these abnormal results, and there were no orders showing that the resident was treated for a UTI at that time. Subsequently, the resident was transferred to the hospital for changes in mental status and later returned with diagnoses of pneumonia and UTI. During interviews, the DON confirmed that the urinalysis results were positive for a UTI and acknowledged there was no documentation of physician notification or antibiotic treatment. The physician also confirmed they had not been notified of the abnormal urinalysis results and stated that, although there were no other signs of a UTI besides the urinalysis, they should have been informed. The NHA and DON reported that the facility did not have a specific policy for notifying a physician or extender of an abnormal urinalysis result, but considered such notification to be standard practice.
Unauthorized Urinalysis Performed Without Practitioner Order
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure laboratory services were only completed when ordered by a Physician or NP, as evidenced by a urinalysis (UA) obtained for Resident B without a corresponding practitioner order. Resident B, who had diagnoses including stroke and vascular dementia, had a urine specimen collected and the lab company notified, as documented in a progress note dated 3/23/26 at 11:35 a.m. by RN 1. Record review showed there was no Physician/NP order for this urine specimen. In interview, RN 1 stated that the DON had requested the UA and that she notified the NP, and that the resident was catheterized to obtain the urine sample. In a separate interview, the DON reported she had only verbalized that they “may want to get a UA,” had not directly instructed RN 1 to obtain one, and had assumed RN 1 would notify the NP to obtain an order, resulting in the UA being performed without a valid practitioner order. This deficiency was cited under 410 IAC 16.2-3.1-49(f)(1).
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